import time import krpc import math # ================= 配置参数 ================= TARGET_LANDING_VELOCITY = -2.0 # 目标着陆速度 (m/s) SAFETY_MARGIN = 100.0 # 安全余量 (m) MIN_TWR_FOR_BURN = 1.1 # 开始减速的最小TWR # PID 控制器参数 SPEED_KP = 0.15 SPEED_KI = 0.05 SPEED_KD = 0.1 INTEGRAL_LIMIT = 0.5 # 节流阀滤波 ALPHA = 0.3 # 平滑系数 DT = 0.1 # 控制周期 # =========================================== conn = krpc.connect(name='Dynamic Landing') if not conn.space_center: print("No active vessel found.") exit() vessel = conn.space_center.active_vessel class PID: def __init__(self, kp, ki, kd, integral_limit=1.0): self.kp, self.ki, self.kd = kp, ki, kd self.prev_error = 0 self.integral = 0 self.integral_limit = integral_limit def update(self, error, dt): self.integral += error * dt self.integral = max(-self.integral_limit, min(self.integral_limit, self.integral)) derivative = (error - self.prev_error) / dt self.prev_error = error return (self.kp * error) + (self.ki * self.integral) + (self.kd * derivative) class RocketPerformance: """火箭性能计算器""" def __init__(self, vessel): self.vessel = vessel self.body = vessel.orbit.body self.g = self.body.surface_gravity # 重力加速度 (m/s²) def get_mass(self): """获取当前质量 (kg)""" return self.vessel.mass def get_max_thrust(self): """获取最大推力 (N)""" return self.vessel.available_thrust def get_twr(self): """计算推重比 (Thrust-to-Weight Ratio)""" mass = self.get_mass() thrust = self.get_max_thrust() if mass == 0: return 0.0 return thrust / (mass * self.g) def get_max_deceleration(self): """计算最大减速度 (m/s²)""" twr = self.get_twr() # 有效减速度 = 推重比 * g - g = g * (TWR - 1) return self.g * (twr - 1) if twr > 1 else 0.0 def calculate_deceleration_distance(self, current_velocity, target_velocity): """ 计算从当前速度减速到目标速度需要的距离 使用运动学公式: v² = v₀² + 2*a*d 解得: d = (v² - v₀²) / (2*a) Args: current_velocity: 当前垂直速度 (m/s, 负值表示下降) target_velocity: 目标速度 (m/s, 负值表示下降) Returns: 需要的减速距离 (m) """ # 如果速度为正值(上升),返回无穷大,表示不需要减速 if current_velocity > 0: return float('inf') # 如果目标速度是一个很大的负值(表示自由落体),返回无穷大 if target_velocity < -1000: return float('inf') # 获取当前的最大减速度(保守估计,使用平均TWR) max_decel = self.get_max_deceleration() if max_decel <= 0: return float('inf') # 无法减速 # 计算需要的距离 # 注意:速度都是负值(下降),所以 v² - v₀² 是正值 v0_sq = current_velocity ** 2 v_sq = target_velocity ** 2 # 如果当前速度的绝对值小于目标速度的绝对值,说明已经足够慢了 if abs(current_velocity) <= abs(target_velocity): return 0.0 distance = (v_sq - v0_sq) / (2 * max_decel) return max(0, distance) def should_start_deceleration(self, altitude, current_velocity, target_velocity): """ 判断是否应该开始减速 Args: altitude: 当前高度 (m) current_velocity: 当前垂直速度 (m/s) target_velocity: 目标速度 (m/s) Returns: 是否应该开始减速 """ # 计算需要的减速距离 required_distance = self.calculate_deceleration_distance( current_velocity, target_velocity ) # 添加安全余量 trigger_altitude = required_distance + SAFETY_MARGIN # 检查TWR是否足够 twr = self.get_twr() should_burn = (altitude <= trigger_altitude) and (twr >= MIN_TWR_FOR_BURN) return should_burn, required_distance, trigger_altitude, twr # 初始化控制器 speed_pid = PID(SPEED_KP, SPEED_KI, SPEED_KD, INTEGRAL_LIMIT) performance = RocketPerformance(vessel) # 节流阀平滑处理 last_throttle = 0.0 # 姿态控制设置 vessel.auto_pilot.engage() vessel.auto_pilot.reference_frame = vessel.surface_velocity_reference_frame vessel.auto_pilot.target_direction = (0, -1, 0) # 始终指向速度反方向 print("动态着陆程序启动...") print(f"目标着陆速度: {TARGET_LANDING_VELOCITY} m/s") print(f"安全余量: {SAFETY_MARGIN} m") # 自检 vessel.control.throttle = 0.99 time.sleep(0.1) vessel.control.throttle = 0 burn_started = False while True: # 1. 获取飞行数据 flight = vessel.flight(vessel.orbit.body.reference_frame) alt = max(0, flight.surface_altitude - 9.50) # 考虑雷达高度计偏移 vel = flight.vertical_speed # 2. 获取火箭性能 mass = performance.get_mass() thrust = performance.get_max_thrust() twr = performance.get_twr() max_decel = performance.get_max_deceleration() # 3. 判断是否应该开始减速 should_burn, required_dist, trigger_alt, current_twr = performance.should_start_deceleration( alt, vel, TARGET_LANDING_VELOCITY ) # 4. 姿态控制逻辑 if alt < 30 or abs(vel) < 0.5: # 离地很近或速度很慢时,强制垂直向上 vessel.auto_pilot.reference_frame = vessel.surface_reference_frame vessel.auto_pilot.target_direction = (1, 0, 0) # 向天 else: # 正常减速阶段,锁定速度反方向 vessel.auto_pilot.reference_frame = vessel.surface_velocity_reference_frame vessel.auto_pilot.target_direction = (0, -1, 0) # 5. 刹车控制 if alt < 10000 and thrust > 0 and not vessel.control.brakes: vessel.control.brakes = True if alt < 30 and vessel.control.brakes: vessel.control.brakes = False # 6. 自动部署脚架 if alt < 500: vessel.control.gear = True # 7. 动态速度规划 if should_burn: burn_started = True target_vel = TARGET_LANDING_VELOCITY elif not burn_started: # 还没开始减速,使用自由落体或微调 target_vel = -10000.0 # 允许快速下降 else: # 已经开始减速,保持目标着陆速度 target_vel = TARGET_LANDING_VELOCITY # 8. 触地检测 if alt < 1.0 and abs(vel) < 0.5: vessel.control.throttle = 0 vessel.control.sas = True print("已着陆!") break # 9. PID 计算 error = target_vel - vel raw_throttle = speed_pid.update(error, DT) # 10. 节流阀滤波 throttle = (ALPHA * raw_throttle) + ((1.0 - ALPHA) * last_throttle) throttle = max(0.0, min(1.0, throttle)) last_throttle = throttle # 11. 执行控制 vessel.control.throttle = throttle # 12. 信息输出 status = "减速中" if burn_started else "自由落体" print(f"高度: {alt:6.1f}m | 速度: {vel:6.1f}m/s | 目标速: {target_vel:6.1f}m/s | " f"节流阀: {throttle:.2f} | TWR: {twr:.2f} | 减速距离: {required_dist:6.1f}m | " f"触发高度: {trigger_alt:6.1f}m | {status}") time.sleep(DT)